A number system defines a way to represent numbers. Computers use different number systems for processing and representation. The most common systems are Binary , Decimal , Octal , and Hexadecimal . 1. Binary Number System Base: 2 Digits Used: 0, 1 Example: 101121011_210112 How it Works: Each binary digit (bit) represents a power of 2. For example: 10112=(1×23)+(0×22)+(1×21)+(1×20)=11101011_2 = (1 \times 2^3) + (0 \times 2^2) + (1 \times 2^1) + (1 \times 2^0) = 11_{10}10112=(1×23)+(0×22)+(1×21)+(1×20)=1110 Use: Widely used in computers for internal data representation and processing. 2. Decimal Number System Base: 10 Digits Used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Example: 25610256_{10}25610 How it Works: Each digit represents a power of 10. For example: 25610=(2×102)+(5×101)+(6×100)256_{10} = (2 \times 10^2) + (5 \times 10^1) + (6 \times 10^0)25610=(2×102)+(5×101)+(6×100) Use: The most commonly used num...