Section 1: Fill in the Blanks
1.
The
first mechanical computer, designed by Charles Babbage, was called the _______.
o
Analytical
Engine
2.
The
_______ is considered the brain of the computer.
o
CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
3.
_______
is a type of software that manages computer hardware and software resources.
o
Operating
System
4.
The
first electronic general-purpose computer was _______.
o
ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
5.
A
_______ is a portable computer that can be easily carried around.
o
Laptop
6.
_______
software helps perform specific tasks such as word processing or browsing the
internet.
o
Application
7.
The
abbreviation for Random Access Memory is _______.
o
RAM
8.
The
primary purpose of _______ software is to protect a computer from malicious
software.
o
Antivirus
9.
A
_______ computer is designed for one person to use at a time.
o
Personal
10.
GUI
stands for _______.
o
Graphical
User Interface
11.
The
main circuit board in a computer is called the _______.
o
Motherboard
12.
The
permanent memory built into your computer is called _______.
o
ROM
(Read-Only Memory)
13.
_______
is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system.
o
Booting
14.
A
_______ is a network of computers connected together to share resources.
o
LAN
(Local Area Network)
15.
_______
are special types of computers used for scientific research and weather
forecasting.
o
Supercomputers
16.
The
first commercially successful computer was the _______.
o
UNIVAC
I (Universal Automatic Computer I)
17.
_______
software is designed to meet the specific needs of an individual user or
organization.
o
Custom
18.
The
_______ is a pointing device used to interact with the graphical interface of a
computer.
o
Mouse
19.
_______
is a software used for creating text documents.
o
Word
Processor
20.
A
_______ is a device that stores data permanently and is used for large-scale
data storage.
o
Hard
Drive
Section 2: True or False
1.
The
abacus is considered the first mechanical computer. (True)
2.
Mainframe
computers are typically used by individuals at home. (False)
3.
System
software includes operating systems and utility programs. (True)
4.
Charles
Babbage is known as the father of the computer. (True)
5.
A
tablet is a type of desktop computer. (False)
6.
Microsoft
Word is an example of system software. (False)
7.
ROM
is a type of volatile memory. (False)
8.
Linux
is an example of an operating system. (True)
9.
The
first programming language was FORTRAN. (False - It was Assembly Language)
10.
Supercomputers
are used for complex scientific calculations. (True)
11.
A
computer virus can infect both software and hardware. (False)
12.
The
Internet and the World Wide Web are the same thing. (False)
13.
Moore's
Law predicts that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles about every
two years. (True)
14.
An
input device allows the user to communicate information to the computer. (True)
15.
An
operating system controls the execution of all kinds of programs. (True)
16.
BIOS
stands for Basic Input/Output System. (True)
17.
A
compiler translates high-level programming language into machine code. (True)
18.
The
QWERTY keyboard layout is designed for maximum typing speed. (False)
19.
The
first computer mouse was made of wood. (True)
20.
Flash
memory is a type of non-volatile memory. (True)
Section 3: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1.
Who
is known as the father of the computer?
o
a)
Alan Turing
o
b)
Bill Gates
o
c)
Charles Babbage
o
d)
Steve Jobs
o
Answer:
c) Charles Babbage
2.
What
does CPU stand for?
o
a)
Central Processing Unit
o
b)
Central Programming Unit
o
c)
Central Performance Unit
o
d)
Central Protocol Unit
o
Answer:
a) Central Processing Unit
3.
Which
of the following is an example of application software?
o
a)
Windows
o
b)
Microsoft Excel
o
c)
Linux
o
d)
BIOS
o
Answer:
b) Microsoft Excel
4.
Which
generation of computers used vacuum tubes?
o
a)
First
o
b)
Second
o
c)
Third
o
d)
Fourth
o
Answer:
a) First
5.
Which
type of computer is used for weather forecasting and scientific simulations?
o
a)
Personal computer
o
b)
Mainframe computer
o
c)
Supercomputer
o
d)
Embedded computer
o
Answer:
c) Supercomputer
6.
Which
of the following is not an operating system?
o
a)
Windows
o
b)
Android
o
c)
MS Office
o
d)
MacOS
o
Answer:
c) MS Office
7.
What
is the primary function of an operating system?
o
a)
To perform calculations
o
b)
To manage hardware and software resources
o
c)
To browse the internet
o
d)
To create documents
o
Answer:
b) To manage hardware and software resources
8.
The
term 'bit' is short for:
o
a)
Binary digit
o
b)
Byte information technology
o
c)
Binary integer
o
d)
Binary information technology
o
Answer:
a) Binary digit
9.
Which
of the following is an example of a portable computer?
o
a)
Mainframe
o
b)
Desktop
o
c)
Supercomputer
o
d)
Laptop
o
Answer:
d) Laptop
10.
Which
of the following is not a type of computer?
o
a)
Personal computer
o
b)
Mainframe computer
o
c)
Supercomputer
o
d)
Calculator
o
Answer:
d) Calculator
11.
The
first successful personal computer was:
o
a)
IBM PC
o
b)
Apple II
o
c)
Commodore 64
o
d)
Altair 8800
o
Answer:
b) Apple II
12.
Which
component is considered the main memory of a computer?
o
a)
Hard drive
o
b)
RAM
o
c)
ROM
o
d)
Cache
o
Answer:
b) RAM
13.
The
basic unit of a worksheet into which you enter data in Excel is called a:
o
a)
Cell
o
b)
Box
o
c)
Rectangle
o
d)
Table
o
Answer:
a) Cell
14.
Which
of the following languages is used for artificial intelligence?
o
a)
COBOL
o
b)
Java
o
c)
Python
o
d)
Pascal
o
Answer:
c) Python
15.
What
is the shortcut key for copying selected text or files?
o
a)
Ctrl + X
o
b)
Ctrl + V
o
c)
Ctrl + C
o
d)
Ctrl + Z
o
Answer:
c) Ctrl + C
16.
Which
device is used as the standard pointing device in a graphical user environment?
o
a)
Keyboard
o
b)
Mouse
o
c)
Joystick
o
d)
Scanner
o
Answer:
b) Mouse
17.
Which
part of the computer performs calculations and makes decisions?
o
a)
Storage
o
b)
Input
o
c)
Output
o
d)
Processor
o
Answer:
d) Processor
18.
The
Internet was initially developed by:
o
a)
Microsoft
o
b)
IBM
o
c)
ARPANET
o
d)
Google
o
Answer:
c) ARPANET
19.
A
program that translates a high-level language into machine language is called
a:
o
a)
Compiler
o
b)
Interpreter
o
c)
Assembler
o
d)
Linker
o
Answer:
a) Compiler
20.
Which
of the following is not an example of an input device?
o
a)
Keyboard
o
b)
Monitor
o
c)
Mouse
o
d)
Scanner
o
Answer:
b) Monitor
Section 4: Short Questions and Answers
1.
Q:
What is the main function of the CPU?
o
A: The main function of the CPU is to execute
instructions from programs, performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and
input/output operations.
2.
Q:
Name two examples of application software.
o A:
Examples of application software include Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop.
3.
Q:
What is an operating system?
o A: An
operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services for computer programs.
4.
Q:
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
o A: RAM
(Random Access Memory) is volatile memory used for temporary storage while a
computer is running, whereas ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory used
for permanent storage of firmware.
5.
Q:
What was the primary purpose of the ENIAC computer?
o A: The
primary purpose of the ENIAC computer was to perform complex calculations for
the United States Army during World War II.
6.
Q:
Define software.
o A:
Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the
computer how to work.
7.
Q:
What is the significance of the binary system in computers?
o A: The
binary system is significant because it is the fundamental language that
computers use to process data, consisting of only two digits, 0 and 1.
8.
Q:
What is the purpose of a network server?
o A: A network
server manages network resources and provides services to other computers on
the network, such as file storage, email, and database management.
9.
Q:
Name two examples of system software.
o A:
Examples of system software include Microsoft Windows and Linux.
10.
Q:
What does GUI stand for and why is it important?
o A: GUI
stands for Graphical User Interface. It is important because it allows users to
interact with electronic devices using graphical icons and visual indicators
instead of text-based interfaces, making it more user-friendly.
11.
Q:
What is cloud computing?
o A: Cloud
computing is the delivery of computing services, such as storage, processing,
and software, over the internet (the cloud), allowing for on-demand access to
resources without direct active management by the user.
12.
Q:
Explain the term 'booting' in computers.
o A: Booting
is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into the
computer's main memory or RAM.
13.
Q:
What are the primary functions of an operating system?
o A: The
primary functions of an operating system include managing hardware resources,
providing a user interface, executing and providing services for application
software, and ensuring security and access control.
14.
Q:
What is a microprocessor?
o A: A
microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains the functions of a
central processing unit of a computer, acting as the brain of the computer by
performing calculations and executing instructions.
15.
Q:
Differentiate between input and output devices with examples.
o A: Input
devices are peripherals used to provide data and control signals to a computer
(e.g., keyboard, mouse). Output devices are peripherals that receive data from
a computer and present it to the user (e.g., monitor, printer).
16.
Q:
What is the role of a compiler in computer programming?
o A: A
compiler translates high-level programming language code into machine language
code, enabling the computer to understand and execute the instructions.
17.
Q:
Define 'firmware'.
o A:
Firmware is a type of software that is permanently programmed into a hardware
device, providing low-level control for the device's specific hardware.
18.
Q:
What is an embedded system?
o A: An
embedded system is a specialized computing system that performs dedicated
functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time
computing constraints.
19.
Q:
How do antivirus programs protect computers?
o A:
Antivirus programs protect computers by detecting, preventing, and removing
malicious software, such as viruses, worms, and trojans, that can harm the
system or compromise data security.
20.
Q:
What is the purpose of a database management system (DBMS)?
o A: The
purpose of a DBMS is to provide a systematic way to create, retrieve, update,
and manage data in databases, ensuring data integrity, security, and efficient
access.
Section 5: Long Questions and Answers
1.
Q:
Describe the evolution of computers from the first generation to the present
day.
o
A:
The evolution of computers can be described in five generations:
First Generation (1940-1956): Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory. They were large, expensive, and consumed a lot of
power.
Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors replaced vacuum tubes,
making computers smaller, faster, cheaper, and more energy-efficient.
Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated circuits replaced
transistors, further reducing the size and cost of computers while increasing
their power and reliability.
Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors brought the entire
CPU onto a single chip, leading to the development of personal computers.
Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Characterized by artificial
intelligence, quantum computing, and advanced parallel processing, making
computers more powerful and capable of learning and decision-making.
2.
Q:
Explain the difference between system software and application software with
examples.
o A: System
software is designed to manage and control hardware components and provide a
platform for running application software. Examples include operating systems
like Windows, Linux, and MacOS, and utility programs like antivirus software.
Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks. Examples
include Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel), web browsers (Chrome, Firefox),
and graphic design software (Adobe Photoshop).
3.
Q:
Discuss the significance of the Internet and how it has changed modern
communication.
o A: The
Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that allows for the
exchange of data and communication between users worldwide. It has
significantly changed modern communication by enabling instant access to
information, facilitating global connectivity through email and social media,
supporting remote work and learning, and providing a platform for e-commerce,
entertainment, and innovation.
4.
Q:
What are the main functions of an operating system, and why is it essential for
computer operation?
o A: The
main functions of an operating system include managing hardware resources,
providing a user interface, executing and providing services for application
software, ensuring security and access control, and managing files and
directories. It is essential for computer operation because it acts as an
intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, enabling the system to
run efficiently and securely.
5.
Q:
Describe the role of a database management system (DBMS) in managing data.
o A: A DBMS
provides a systematic way to create, retrieve, update, and manage data in
databases. It ensures data integrity by enforcing rules and constraints,
enhances data security by controlling access, supports efficient data retrieval
through query processing, and allows for data redundancy reduction. Examples of
DBMS include MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.
6.
Q:
How has the development of microprocessors impacted the evolution of computers?
o A: The
development of microprocessors has significantly impacted the evolution of
computers by miniaturizing the CPU onto a single integrated circuit, leading to
the creation of personal computers, laptops, and mobile devices. This
advancement has made computers more affordable, powerful, and accessible to the
general public, driving innovation in various fields such as computing,
communication, and entertainment.
7.
Q:
Explain the concept of cloud computing and its benefits for businesses and
individuals.
o A: Cloud
computing is the delivery of computing services, including storage, processing,
and software, over the internet. It allows businesses and individuals to access
resources on-demand without direct active management. Benefits include cost
savings, scalability, flexibility, remote accessibility, data backup and
recovery, and the ability to leverage advanced technologies like artificial
intelligence and machine learning.
8.
Q:
Discuss the importance of cybersecurity and measures to protect computer
systems from threats.
o A:
Cybersecurity is crucial for protecting computer systems, networks, and data
from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. Measures to protect systems
include using strong passwords, installing and updating antivirus software,
implementing firewalls, encrypting data, regularly backing up data, educating
users on security practices, and staying informed about the latest threats and
vulnerabilities.
9.
Q:
How do embedded systems differ from general-purpose computers, and where are
they commonly used?
o A:
Embedded systems are specialized computing systems designed to perform
dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems, often with
real-time computing constraints. They differ from general-purpose computers,
which are designed to perform a wide range of tasks. Embedded systems are
commonly used in household appliances, medical devices, automotive systems,
industrial machines, and consumer electronics.
10.
Q:
What is the significance of artificial intelligence in the future of computing,
and what are its potential applications?
o A:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is significant in the future of computing because
it enables machines to learn, reason, and make decisions, enhancing their
ability to perform complex tasks autonomously. Potential applications of AI
include healthcare (diagnostics and treatment recommendations), finance (fraud
detection and trading algorithms), transportation (autonomous vehicles),
customer service (chatbots and virtual assistants), and entertainment
(personalized content recommendations).
Section 6: Full Forms
1.
RAM - Random Access Memory
2.
ROM - Read-Only Memory
3.
CPU - Central Processing Unit
4.
GUI - Graphical User Interface
5.
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer
6.
BIOS - Basic Input/Output System
7.
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
8.
USB - Universal Serial Bus
9.
LAN - Local Area Network
10.
WAN - Wide Area Network
11.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
12.
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
13.
OS - Operating System
14.
ISP - Internet Service Provider
15.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
16.
IP - Internet Protocol
17.
DNS - Domain Name System
18.
MAC - Media Access Control
19.
SSD - Solid State Drive
20.
DBMS - Database Management System
Section 7: Shortcut Keys
1.
Ctrl
+ C
- Copy
2.
Ctrl
+ V
- Paste
3.
Ctrl
+ X
- Cut
4.
Ctrl
+ Z
- Undo
5.
Ctrl
+ Y
- Redo
6.
Ctrl
+ S
- Save
7.
Ctrl
+ P
- Print
8.
Ctrl
+ A
- Select All
9.
Ctrl
+ F
- Find
10.
Ctrl
+ B
- Bold
11.
Ctrl
+ I
- Italic
12.
Ctrl
+ U
- Underline
13.
Ctrl
+ N
- New Document
14.
Ctrl
+ O
- Open
15.
Ctrl
+ W
- Close
16.
Ctrl
+ T
- Open New Tab (Browser)
17.
Ctrl
+ Tab
- Switch Between Tabs
18.
Alt
+ Tab
- Switch Between Applications
19.
Ctrl
+ D
- Bookmark Page (Browser)
20.
Ctrl
+ Shift + Esc
- Open Task Manager
These
questions and answers cover a broad range of topics related to the history of
computers, types of computers, and computer software, providing a comprehensive
unit test for grade 8 students.
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